Analysis on Ethan Frome Essay Example

Analysis on Ethan Frome Essay Example Analysis on Ethan Frome Paper Analysis on Ethan Frome Paper Essay Topic: Ethan Frome Sometimes our light goes out but is blown into flame by another human being. Each of us owes deepest thanks to those who have rekindled this light. Albert Schweitzer. Ethan Frome who takes care of his ill wife becomes very attracted with his wifes sister and must choose whether or not to express his feelings. Individual responsibility is the obstacle when dealing with ones free will. This will be shown by analyzing, Ethans choices of individual responsibility and free will. Ethan, from Starkfield New England is a poor farmer who is taking care of his ill wife Zeena. Zeena had always been what Starkfield had called sickly (pg 35). She suffered from asthma and other complications. People struggled for years with troubles, but they always succumbed to complications (pg 108. ) Ethan felt it was his obligation to take care of his ill wife as they had been married for seven years. When they married they agreed as soon as he could straighten out the difficulties, he would sell the farm and saw mill and try their luck in a large town (pg 71). It was believed that her sickness was derived from the effect of life on the farm, or perhaps, as she sometimes said, it was because Ethan never listened (pg 72). Due to this Ethan felt it was his responsibility to take care of his wife. Zeena had been trying hard to get help as she occasionally left town to seek medical assistance. Ethan had grown to dread these situations because of their cost (pg. 62). Zeena had always returned with expensive remedies that were promising but never ended up working. Ethan felt his commitment of marriage was enough for him to believe that it was possible for his wife to re-cooperate from her illness and return to a normal life. While Ethan was taking care of Zeena, it was suggested that they should acquire more assistance due to his wifes health. Mattie Silver came from Stamford, and when she entered the Fromes household to act as her cousin Zeenas aid it was thought best, as she came without pay (pg 32). Ethan had taken a liking to the girl from the first day (pg 32). Mattie took pressure and stress of Ethans workload and everyday chores and basically rekindled his spirit of love. It was a fact since Mattie Silvers coming he had taken to shaving every day (pg 39). They both had gained strong feelings for each other but did not want or feel it was right for them to be expressed. One day however when walking back home from the village Mattie stumbled on an unseen object and clutched onto Ethans sleeve to steady herself. The wave of warmth that went through him was like the prolongation of his vision. For the first he stole his arm about, and she did not resist (pg 50). From that point on the both of them became more fond of each other and showed their feelings more openly to each other. One day when Zeena left town for medical reasons Mattie had attempted to do something special for Ethan by preparing him a special meal. To be used in this special meal was Zeenas pickle dish, which was only used on special occasions. Sitting at dinner the cat had backed into pickle dish, which fell to the floor with a crash (pg 85). This can be seen as the couples dream falling to pieces and not being able to be repaired as the next night Zeena had returned and she ordered that Mattie leave as Zeena required someone with medical experience. When Ethan and Zeena confronted each other it was the first sign of open anger between the couple in the sad seven years together (pg 112). He could not picture himself living without Mattie and had to choose whether or not to stay with his wife or follow his heart and go with Mattie. Ethan could not exercise his free will and be with Mattie as his individual responsibility was dealing with that of Zeena which he felt he could not abandon. Ethan had always wanted the best for his wife Zeena but she would have to come to the realization that youre a poor mans wife (pg 114). It would be impossible for him to hire a trained medical aid as the funds just were not there. Ethan felt his free will was put to the test when Zeena had ordered that Mattie leave. Ethan than realized that he could not live with out her. The night when Ethan escorts Mattie to town to catch her train they think of the idea of leaving and going West. Ethan had always dreamed of the idea but came to the conclusion that he could not leave his ill wife. Im tied hand and foot, Matt. There isnt a thing that I can do (pg 158). Before they departed Ethan wanted to do one more thing Mattie and that was take her coasting or tobogganing. While tobogganing Ethan had came into confusion as a suicide pact was suggested as they went for their last turn down the hill. They were attempting to hit a huge Elm tree but right before they hit Ethan had suddenly seen his wifes face with twisted monstrous lineaments, thrust itself between him and his goal, and he made an instinctive movement to brush it aside (pg 170). which caused Ethan to just hit the tree ever so slightly not to kill them but to injure them severely. Ethans feels his individual responsibility to Zeena must be taken care of first before he can have any life with Mattie. It is important that ones individual responsibility is taking care of first before attempting to pursue ones free will as it will cause a major obstacles and conflicts if striving to make the both co-exist. Ethans problem of choosing who he loved could have been resolved if he stuck with his individual responsibility and helped his wife back to good health.

The Arrival

The Arrival Arrival Arrival is a poem that is written in free verse. The style of the writing is imagery and figurative expression, which describes the scene in the poem. This poem is mainly about a biologist who observes and studies the turtles. He wonders where the turtles are from and where they are going. In the end of the story, he still does not know the secrets behind these turtles. The review on this poem will include the theme, the tone, the mood, the style, the rhythm and the strength of the poem.The tone in this poem is energetic. The author describes the character in this poem as a passionate biologist who observes and studies the turtles. In the paragraph, it states, ‚ ¡night turns to early morning he drowses over a cup of cold coffee in the lab.‚ ¡Ã‚‚ Therefore, it can be proved that he does the observation on the turtles because he is enthusiastic in studying them and his attitude is positive towards them.Turtles in the pondIn the poem, ‚ ¡where do they come fr om‚ ¡Ã‚‚ and ‚ ¡where do they go‚ ¡Ã‚‚ has been asked several times. He is eager to know the secrets behind the turtles and wants to explore the arrival of the turtles. Just as he wants to know the secrets behind the turtles, he fell in sleep on his desk, and missed the beautiful scene he waits to see.The mood of this poem is very melancholic. In the third paragraph of the poem, it states, ‚ ¡he waits for arribada, the arrival of the turtles, for the tears to stream from dark, mournful eyes.‚ ¡Ã‚‚ Therefore, the character has the depressing mood because the turtles coming a long way to lay their eggs touch him. In the first paragraph, it said...

Highrate of college students dropout Research Paper

Highrate of college students dropout - Research Paper Example In the college, a student receives a college degree when he/she completes this phase of education system. While completing this cycle of education, if a student leaves in between, then he/she is considered to be a dropout student. Discussion Today, it is estimated that about 1.2 million students drop out each year in the United States, which makes USA 19th in the world. There are many possible reasons that can cause a drop out, which frequently includes poor grades, financial problems, bullying, family emergencies, depression, mental disorders, negative environment, boredom and lack of freedom (Nation Master). Drop Out Rate Drop out or discontinuing studies is one of the main issues of college students. The most significant factors involved in dropping out from graduating or completing studies are the financial, social and family factors or issues that play an important role in the lives of students. It is a fact that these three factors play a vital role in the increased dropout rat e of student s from colleges, but the burden of studies and academics should never be ignored. The burden of academics and studies also play a vital role in forcing students to discontinue studies. These are the vital factors that cause stress in the students and force them to drop out their graduate courses (Nation Master). Academic Stress The most important cause of college students drop out is the regular pressure of studies that is experienced in college students. The main source of causing this stress among college students is teachers and parents who have high expectations from their students to obtain high scores in examinations. College student have to study hard to get the expected results without taking care of their health. The academic stress also includes difficult class schedules, challenging tests and exams, increased workload. This is the most common cause of stress that occurs in college students (David). Social Issues Social issues are another source of drop out fo r college students. This issue has a vital impact, mainly a negative impact on student psychology. College students experience various stresses that are caused by social factors. These social factors include that college students sometimes have to leave their families to reside in hostels away from their houses and families. When students leave their families, they have to communicate with other people at the place they reside. For example, they have to stay with roommates. The stress of coping with new methods and new people is also included in the social issues. Another issue under this category includes the pressure of balancing the time available among studies and friends. Another significant source of stress in college students is to tackle and cope with the dynamics of young adult relationship. These are the significant factors among the social issues that could have negative impacts on college students and affect their physical and mental health which ultimately lead to a dro p out. Financial Stress In today’s era, a student does not only have the burden of studies, but is also overburdened by financial stress. Students have to think about fulfilling their financial needs themselves at a very young age. They need money for their food expenses, education and books expenses, housing and lodging. College students also have to think about getting a part time job besides studying so that they could earn money to fulfill their financial n

Individual Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual Employment Law - Case Study Example Several matters need to be taken into consideration regarding your current situation with filing an injunction against Brett your sales and marketing director. Employment law protects Brett as well as you so I advise you to carefully pursue the issue. Fraser Younson was quoted in the September 2 issue of Lawyers Weekly Magazine in an article about the rise in claims by employees against their firms, a relatively new issue in the British legal profession. Unfair or wrongful dismissal claims occur when firms to do follow the correct procedure made mandatory in legislation on October 1, 2004. "In some firms in particular, partners need to understand that they need to coach employees on an on-going basis, not just mention their shortcomings at appraisals," (Younsun) The major issue you have at hand is a no compete contract where the contract was an oral agreement. An oral agreement is legal and binding as long as consideration was present. In the case of consideration and your verbal agreement with Brett consideration was present but there are other matters at hand that must be taken into consideration. One of them is the time factor. As the agreement between Brett and yourself was never formally written up a date and the time limit on the agreement are difficult to determine at this time. The proof of the time is difficult to prove at this point. McDermott was recommended in Legal 500 Eur... egration following the acquisitions of two German companies, a varied and challenging mandate which required negotiations with trade unions and group works council on a mass redundancy program, and the establishment of a European works council." (Anthony) Essentially you had a no compete oral contract with Brett. Legal for such a contract should read: (a) Company Information. The Company will make available to the Independent Contractor certain Confidential Information of the Company, previously non-disclosed to him or her, which will enable him or her to optimize the performance of his or her duties to the Company. In exchange, the Independent Contractor agrees to use such Confidential Information solely for the Company's benefit. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Independent Contractor agrees that upon the expiration or termination of the Agreement, the Company shall have no obligation to provide or otherwise make available to the Independent Contractor any of its Confidential Information. "Confidential Information" means any Company proprietary information, technical data, trade secrets or know-how, including, but not limited to, research, product plans, products, services, customer lists and customers (including, but not limited to, customers of the Company on whom the Independent Contractor called or with whom her o r she became acquainted during the term of the contract), markets, software, developments, inventions, processes, formulas, technology, designs, drawings, engineering, hardware configuration information, marketing, finances or other business information disclosed to the Independent Contractor by the Company either directly or indirectly in writing, orally or by drawings or observation of parts or equipment. Confidential Information

Compensation & Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Compensation & Benefits - Essay Example Incentive compensation and benefits play an important role in making a company achieve higher levels of employee productivity. Compensation is one of the major motivating sources behind employees’ productivity and if a company offers attractive benefits for its employees as a result of their individual performances, the employees become motivated and inspired to do more for the company. Therefore, we can say that employee productivity directly depends on the compensation and benefits being offered to them by the company. Companies use compensation and benefits programs for various reasons. Some of the major reasons for implementing compensation plans include hiring and retaining talented employees, increasing moral of the employees, encouraging the performances of the employees, achieving quality in every business activity, encouraging employees’ loyalty with the company, reducing the turnover, and making the employees satisfied with the company. These were some of the reasons of why companies design and implement different kinds of compensation and benefits programs for the employees. There are some important factors, which need to be considered while designing and implementing a proper compensation and benefits plan in a company. These factors play an important role in the successful implementation of a compensation plan. If a company wants to develop a compensation plan for its employees, it needs to take into consideration these factors in order to get desired results from the plan. If any of these factors is overlooked, the compensation plan will not be able to produce expected results for the company. Some of those factors include organization’s culture, statement of plan’s objectives, linking performance to organization’s goals and objectives, needs and demands of the employees, discrimination, employees’

The infallibility of the Bible The Contradictions

The infallibility of the Bible The Contradictions Student: Joan Williams Introduction: For many centuries, the infallibility of the Bible has been a topic on the agenda of both Christian and Atheist alike. Christians, as a basis of their claim, continue to quote 2 Timothy 3:16 which reads, All scriptures is god-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness.[1] The fundamental argument for the Atheist is that there is no God, no evidence or proof of God. They claim that God cannot be proven by science which is the main way we study and understand the universe or natural world. In an article written by Jeffery M Jones outlining results of a Gallup poll done in Princeton New Jersey in the year 2011, part of their findings was outlined as followed,: Three in 10 Americans interpret the Bible literally, saying it is the actual words of God. That is similar to what Gallup has measured over the last two decades, but down from the 1970s and 1980s. A 49% plurality of Americans say the Bible is the inspired word of God but that it should not be taken literally, consistently the most common view in Gallups nearly 40- year history of this question. Another 17% consider the Bible an ancient book of stories recorded by man.[2] The Meridian Webster Dictionary gives the following definitions of Infallible: 1: Incapable of error: unerring

Lunatics Taking Over the Asylum: Cultural Chaos in 1960s America :: essays papers

Lunatics Taking Over the Asylum: Cultural Chaos in 1960s America All You Need Is Hate If life in the 1960s was a collective journey to the Underworld, then it is terrifying to notice how many of us have failed to come back. (Marshall Berman, The Sixties) The 1960s formed one of the most culturally complex periods in America’s history, and the analysis of this era is just as problematic. During this time, American society experienced an outpouring of filmic, literary and musical texts that challenged traditional institutions such as the Christian church, the government and the family unit. It would be naà ¯ve to argue that this period witnessed the first or the last instance of subversive propaganda targeted at young people, for the many dissenting voices herein did not emerge by random chance. The formulation of a more politically aware youth culture in America and, to a lesser but still important extent, Great Britain, was a gradual process that had been taking hold for considerable time, not one that exploded into being when Bob Dylan or John Lennon began writing protest songs. However, while it remains a matter of some contention where exactly these anti-authoritarian sentiments originated, it is my opinion that this discontentment gained real momentum during the 1950s and 1960s. Firstly, the group of friends and writers most commonly known as the Beats evolved dramatically in focal points such as Greenwich Village and Columbia University, and subsequently spread their political and cultural views to a wider audience. The three Beat figureheads William S. Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac each perceived an agenda within American society to clamp down on those who were in some way different from the accepted ‘norm’, and in response deliberately flirted with the un-American practices of Buddhism, drug use, homosexuality and the avant-garde. Ginsberg courted danger by lending a voice to the homosexual subculture that had been marginalised by repressive social traditions and cultural patterns within the United States. Homosexuality remained illegal in most parts of America until the 1960s, but Ginsberg refused to equate his Gay identity with criminality. He wrote about his homosexuality in almost every poem that he wrote, most specifically in ‘Many Loves’ (1956) and ‘Please Master’ (1968), his paeans to his errant lover Neal Cassady. Ginsberg’s poems are full of explicit sexual detail and scatological humour, but the inclusion of such details should not be interpreted as a childish attempt to incense the prudish and the square.

Crime and Order Maintenance in Celtic and Roman Britain

Cells were stripped of Civil rights, practicing a profession unable to leave ribald territory loss of status within the community. Today we have electronic tagging to keep a person within a confined space, sometime people are given community sentence which helps redeem themselves 2. * People in Roman Times were tried before a Governor for crimes as the same as a judge in modern day * They were given prison sentences to deter them for refunding by instilling fear in them, this happens today with both fine and Jail sentences. * People were condemned to the mines to work.Again in modern day times this could be seen as a harsher community service. Marc McFadden HU0022914 Diploma in Criminal Psychology â€Å"The punishment of present day offenders has elements of the Celtic and Roman approaches. † When we look at how law and punishment is upheld today in Britain we can go back thousands of years into our history to see some similarities in Celtic and Roman times. There society. The re were different levels of kinship within the community, the lowest being a person who had infringed on the law. Infractions would result in fines.As there were no prisons or police force during this time, the responsibility to punish an offender was stowed upon the Kin and extended family. If they were of modest status, a guarantor would be set in place to ensure the fine was paid. This relates in today's punishment system as a bail. If the offender was unable to pay the fine then the guarantor was eligible to seize property from the offender. If someone were of lower class, unable to obtain a guarantor or pay the fine they would suffer a loss of civil rights, the right to practice a profession or possibly be excluded from religious rites.In modern society a prison sentence removes these same rites. The threat of isolation and loss of status was an important tool in keeping people within the law. Britain was invaded by Rome in DAD and on gaining control and power it was initially content to utilize the Cells peacekeeping arrangements. Surrounding free states and British countryside kept their own laws albeit they didn't conflict with the laws of Rome. Julius Gorilla became Governor in DAD chief Justice for both civil and criminal matters.He would gain advantage over Britons by using terror in order to stop crime. He would travel the province holding session courts as well as in the capital. Listening to both citizens and Roman citizens should they wish to be tried in Rome This is similar with the likes of our Court system today. The Biggest change in comparison to The Cells way of punishment is that Roman Britain had Capital punishment where only the Governor could give such a sentence as well as the condemnation to the mines.By now there were men in the form of police, Jailers and executioners. There methods were viewed as brutal ranging from flogging, imprisonment, slavery in the mines and even death by crucifixion, however they were there for the one reas on to instill fear that people would not offend and if they did the repercussions would deter them against it a second time. Julius successfully maintained order for the 7 years he held the post. Up until the 3rd century Britain had two different law codes, native and Roman.However by DADA with an invasion to Gaul by the Germans forced General Constantine Ill out of power and the expulsion of all reaming Roman administrators in Britain. Britons had seized power of the province and wrote to the Emperor Honoring asking for legal authority for their actions and sought independence from the Emperor. In conclusion although there have been many changes to our Justice system throughout time, many of the key elements remain from both Celtic and Roman Britain.

Pompeii - Our Link to the Past essays

Pompeii - Our Link to the Past essays  ¡The cloud appeared to come out of the top of the mountain that was a long way away. The best way to describe it is to say it looked like a pine tree. It shot straight up like a very tall trunk. At the top of the trunk, the cloud spread out like branches. Parts of the cloud were very bright, and parts were quite dark. The different colors were caused by the amount of cinders in different parts of it." Pliny the Younger wrote these words as he observed the beginning eruption of the volcano that loomed over his city. As this continued, the citizens of Pompeii watched as the cloud came closer, engulfing the city with ashes and cinders, the volcano soon began producing sheets of lava and flames. Days later, the once prosperous city of Pompeii lay in ruins. Perhaps one of the richest sites of archaeological history, Pompeii provides a valuable insight into the life of first century Romans. From excavations that first began in 1748, much has been discovered about the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. Pompeii was first settled by the Oscans in 600BC, but didn ¡t become a Roman colony until 89BC under the direction of Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Pompeii played a big role in ancient Rome. First of all, Pompeii was a chief center of trade. It had prosperous trade in wine, oil, millstones, fish, sauce, perfumes, and cloth. In addition, because Pompeii was located in such a prosperous and beautiful area, at the mouth of the Sarnus River, it made it a perfect place for leisure. During the time of the Roman Empire it was a desired place for the wealthy to build summer villas or homes. Destroyed in 79 AD by the eruption of Mt Vesuvius, Pompeii lay buried beneath layers of volcanic debris for more than 1700 years before being discovered by a farmer in the late 1600 ¡s. It wasn ¡t until 1763, 15 years after excavations first began, that the name of Pompeii was discovered. An inscription was found; it read  ¡rei ...

The Problem of Induction Goodmans Virtuous Circle

The Problem of Induction Goodmans Virtuous Circle Free Online Research Papers Inferences made from a set of observed statements of fact to an unobserved statement of fact, without formal entailment, are referred to as inductive inferences. Inferences may be drawn from particular observations to a general law or from particular observations to another. The following are types of inductive inferences: (1) Induction about periodic events (e.g. the rotation of the earth about it’s axis) (2) Induction about interaction between external materials (e.g. acid turning blue litmus red) (3) Induction about interaction between external materials and the self (e.g. bread will provide nourishment, i.e. ingestion of bread will provide ‘feeling’ of nourishment) All these types of induction conform to the relation of cause and effect. As Hume pointed out in An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, all reasoning about matters of fact is governed by the relation of cause and effect. It establishes this relation on the basis of past experience. The human mind observes certain effects from certain kinds of causes and learns to expect the same effects from similar causes in the future. This expectation becomes stronger with repeated observations of the same cause-effect relation. For example, since birth we observe the sun rising every morning and from that knowledge, we infer that it would rise the following morning. With every passing day, our belief in this phenomenon grows stronger because of the satisfaction of the previous expectation. Skepticism of Induction Skeptics agree that inductive reasoning is inherent in human nature. But there stance is that we have no justification to believe those beliefs or predictions that we have obtained by employing inductive reasoning. Inherent in an inductive inference, is the assumption that nature will remain consistent, that the future shall conform to the past. The statement: â€Å"It has been found that cause x has always had an effect y in the past† is not logically followed by: â€Å"In the future, cause x will be followed by effect y.† The above two propositions are distinct and the second is not a logical necessity, given the first. But based on our above discussion of human inductive reasoning, we know that such inferences are being made all the time. Hume claims that he is unable to ascertain the chain of reasoning by which this inference is made. It is clear that this is not backed by deduction. This inference aims to yield information (conclusions) over and beyond the semantic content of the premises. There is no demonstrative argument that explains this kind of inference frequently employed by humans. That there is none is evident from the observation that a denial of the second proposition is not contradictory. Clearly, it is not evident that objects must have a tendency to move towards the earth in the future, even though that has been the case since all of mankind, and billions of years before that, as claimed by scientists. Since inductive reasoning is not backed by deduction, there must an alternative form of reasoning. One might argue that only those inductive inferences are justified, that are based on causal events, as opposed to the accidental events. Hence, we might say that the occurrence of an accident right after a black cat crosses one’s path is purely coincidental (contrary to what some people would believe), while acid turning blue litmus paper to red is a causal event. Therefore, causal events are justified inferences while non-causal events are not justified, and hence invalid inferences. Therefore, the constant conjunction of the contact of blue litmus paper with acid, and its turning red can be treated as a law. Here, a skeptic might argue that there is nothing that contradicts the suggestion that the litmus color conversion by the acid is just a coincidence every single time. It would not be contradictory to deny the occurrence of the litmus color conversion the next time it is tested. Therefore, there would be no way to differentiate the coincidences from the actual lawlike events. Essential to this line of reasoning by the skeptic is that the relation of cause and effect is not based on any reasoning derived from the cause. The cause does not provide any information about the effect in and of itself. The relation between each cause and effect that governs reasoning about matter of fact is arbitrary, at least to the human mind. The mind does not determine the effect from the cause based on any innate feature of the cause. The use of induction is so inherent and natural in humans that it is difficult to even identify certain facts as being learned from inductive reasoning. It is reasonable to assume that almost all of us take the transfer of momentum from one body to another (i.e. impulse) as granted. But there is nothing in the first body or in its nature of motion that would prompt us to think that it will cause the second body to move on. Hume argues and shows us through an example of a collision between billiards balls that it is purely from experience that we can predict the motion beforehand. It is significant, though, that Hume is not referring to prior experience of the motion of those particular billiard balls, or even billiard balls in general. Humans use induction to generalize from the observation of motion in some materials to all other materials. To explain this, we must go back to the cause-effect relation. Through experience, we learn that similar causes yield similar effects. For a common phenomenon like impulse, we come to learn that it applies to all kinds of objects that appear solid to us, and by consistent experience of this kind, we are able to predict the same for all things that appear solid to us, irrespective of whether we have previously observed motion in those particular objects. Ayer’s reply: Descriptive analysis Ayer responds to the skeptic’s attack by questioning the intent behind the question raised by the skeptic. He agrees that the inductive argument always involves an assumption about the uniformity of nature and that it relies on the belief that the future shall resemble the past. It is clear that there is no demonstrative or deductive reasoning to justify induction. Also, it has been shown that any other reasoning will either be inadequate or will result in a logically circular argument. Inductive inference suggests a belief in instances of which we have no experience, based on instances of which we do. In view of the above, it seems that the skeptic’s demand is illegitimate. He is asking for a proof which cannot possibly be presented. The only reasoning that can be presented involves logical circularity since it needs inductive inferences to justify them. The question is such that it is clear that there is no comprehensive solution. As Ayer mentioned – â€Å"A proof which is formally correct will not do the work, and a proof which does the work will not be formally correct.† So it seems that the endeavor to seek an answer to such a question is futile. But the skeptics cannot argue that induction is irrational. The scientific method is based on induction, and it defines the standard of rationality. Therefore, induction does not fail to meet the standard of rationality, merely because it defines it. Therefore, by asking the question, the skeptic seems to be questioning the standards of rationality. The skeptic does point out the absence of a proof, but since it is obvious that this demand cannot be met, the question is not troubling anymore, and hence, does not need further consideration. As Ayer pointed out, there is no need for worry as there is logically, no higher court of jurisdiction, so it is allowable for inductive reasoning to decide its own case. Goodman’s virtuous circle Goodman approaches the subject along similar lines as Ayer in that he agrees with the shortcomings of induction that what has happened imposes no logical restrictions on what will happen, but disagrees with skeptics in that there is no justification for the employment of induction as a method of inference. He protests against a sharp division between the description/explanation of induction and its justification. Based on the fallacious arguments by other philosophers, the search for a clear argument for justification of induction is fruitless and therefore, Goodman asserts that the skeptic’s query is illegitimate because it asks for answers that are not available, and never will be. His point of difference with Ayer is that he goes on to analyze the foundations of deduction as a valid method of inference, in order to come up with a justification for induction. An argument is deemed logical (conforming to deduction) if it conforms to the general rules of deductive inference. But these general rules of deductive inference must themselves be justified. Philosophers have tried to justify these rules by asserting that they follow from some basic axiom or by basing the rules in human nature. In either case, the argument seems to be emerging from human intuition. Goodman argues that the answer is simpler, and that the rules of deductive inference are based on, and hence justified by our deductive practice. So, the justification of general rules of deduction is dependent on their acceptance or rejection of accepted deductive inferences. Deductive inferences are justified by their conformance to valid general rules of deduction, while the general rules themselves are backed by their conformance to accepted valid inferences. Clearly, this is circular. But here, Goodman argues that the logic is circular, but the circle is a virtuous circle, i.e. this is the only method by which we may justify deduction. This mutual adjustment between inferences and rules is the basis for deduction. Goodman’s virtuous circle applies to induction as well. Therefore, an inductive reference is justified by conformance to generally accepted inductive rules and these rules in turn are justified by accepted inferences. As opposed to deduction, though, these general rules of induction are not well established, and there needs to be a consensus on valid canons of induction. Therefore, the problem of induction is reduced from that of justification to description. With this conclusion, Goodman asserts that questions concerning the justification for induction, as different from an explanation of it, are illegitimate. Crystal ball justification Induction is intuitive and is employed by humans naturally. When people reason about matters of fact using induction, they do not think about justifications for their reasoning. It develops naturally as a habit. This was the description or explanation of induction given by Hume and later supported by Goodman. Inductive reasoning (which is happening all the time) tends to predict or expect events that have been most consistent. On the other hand, crystal balls do not come naturally to people, and there is no â€Å"crystal ball practice† that is inherent in our nature, as opposed to the inductive practice discussed by Goodman. Also, induction is generally successful with predictions more often that crystal balls, which supports its usage. Hence, crystal ball justification of crystal ball inferences does not undermine induction. Research Papers on The Problem of Induction Comparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresCapital PunishmentGenetic EngineeringResearch Process Part OneRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnEffects of Television Violence on Children

Revelant problems within the U.S. heath care system Research Paper

Revelant problems within the U.S. heath care system - Research Paper Example An efficient government must support its population by providing a developed social and environmental structure for leading a better life. People’s health related issues are one of the most important concerns for policy makers and regulators as people are the prime essence of an economy. Man power is a very crucial resource for economic development and hence, a healthy man power is inevitable. Therefore, most of the economies aim to establish flawless health care systems. In recent years, there have been significant improvements in social structures and lifestyle of the people. Globalization, technological advancements and economic enhancement are three prime reasons for these changes. However, with these changes, some major issues have also been noticed like unhealthy lifestyles and increasing environmental pollutions like global warming. This has led to increase in the necessity of better health care system within an economy. Therefore, the demand of health care systems has multiplied and entrepreneurs have found better and profitable business opportunities. Hence, health care sector has become an emerging industry which has great economic importance. The governments are also trying to encourage this industry for offering better and healthier lifestyles to people by regulating and controlling this sector as well as the entire system. However, at present, many countries’ health care system is suffering from few major issues. This paper will attempt to discuss the U.S. health care system and its major prevailing issues. Currently, there are three major issues in U.S. health care system i.e. large number of uninsured Americans, increasing cost of health services and inefficient government regulation. The primary aim of this paper is to offer plausible strategies or solutions for overcoming these issues. At first, a brief overview of U.S. health care

Mentos and a Full Moon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mentos and a Full Moon - Essay Example The contact with the solution happens only when the string is introduced into the top of the bottle. The reaction can be repeated. One must take into account the underlying chemistry and physics. Physics is more dominant. Temperature and pressure must be considered. In addition the surface are and time will have an impact. This means the doubling or halving of the material will be directly proportional to the intensity of the reaction. Any similar cola will produce similar results. If there is or is not has not been established clearly. When we consider humans we must realize that there is more than the physical side. There is the will and the emotion. And then there is the spiritual. These all taken together make up the person of the human. This makes the human a very complex being. This reality gives a uniqueness of humans as a specie. It is possible to deduce that the physical aspect of humans is affected by the moon phase. It is not wise to say that man is helpless in the influence. We must recognize that man has a will. This will of man can overcome many influences. A scientific approach generally fits the grid. The grid has four components. They are observation, hypothesis, prediction and test. The challenge is in the observation test phase. People have to decide what is important and how to measure. This is a particular problem of the social sciences.. Different people will have different emphases. Both articles have a scientific approach. There is a more historical emphasis. This is evidenced by the following statement. That was all the Congress needed to kill the project and suppress the report. (Townley, J. (1997). The other source uses a more scientific approach considering the grid. Tropical astrology is the most popular form and it assigns its readings based on the time of the year (Carroll, R. 2006). This is one of many points that show an attempt consider many different aspects objectively in coming to a